Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

Shape like circles, squares, diamonds, hexagons, and lines used to represent the hardware and software instruments and functions as follows: Discrete Devices and Functions, represents discrete hardware instruments and functions that are implemented in non-microprocessor-based systems similar to single-case transmitters, controllers, indicators etc. Shared Devices and Functions, represents shared and distributed software analog instruments and functions that are implemented in microprocessor-based systems similar to distributed control or programmable logic control systems. Shared On–Off Devices and Functions, represents shared and distributed on–off software instruments and functions that are implemented in microprocessor-based control systems similar or equal to a distributed control or programmable logic control systems. Computer Devices and Functions, represents shared and distributed on–off software instruments and functions that are implemented in a computer-based cont...

Line numbering or designation for each major line, especially header is very important to trace flow continuation for a multipage project drawing. There is several standard for such numbering system. A line can be identified by its number, fluid to be handled, location in plant, line size, MOC etc. These parameters are the basic elements of line identity. The schematic representation of the parameters is as shown below: Detail Description: Line Number: Line number is a unique number assigned to every line. Every line must have a different line number i.e. the number should not be repeated for various lines. Depending on the type of fluid the lines can be further numbered. For example lines for process fluids can have numbering in one range, say, 1 to 100, utility lines can have numbering falling in another range, say, 101 to 200 and so on. Fluid to be carried: Process lines are meant for handling various fluids. The fluids handled can be classified as Process fluids...

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a simple form of diagram that uses symbols to identify instruments and vessels and to describe the primary flow path through a process. It illustrates the general process streams, major equipment and key control loops. They also provide detailed mass energy balance data along with major stream composition and physical properties The process flow diagram (PFD) represents a quantum step up from the BFD in terms of the amount of information that it contains. The PFD contains the bulk of the chemical engineering data necessary for the design of a chemical process. For all of the diagrams discussed in this chapter, there are no universally accepted standards. The PFD from one company will probably contain slightly different information than the PFD for the same process from another company. Having made this point, it is fair to say that most PFDs convey very similar information. It is clear that the PFD is a complex diagram requiring a substantial effort ...